Research
The Cancer Neuroimaging Research Program advances neuroimaging science to better understand cancer and its effects on the nervous system and to translate innovations into patient care. The program brings together imaging scientists, engineers, clinician, and data experts from across UT MD Anderson to develop imaging approaches that go beyond conventional clinical methods. By integrating advanced imaging technologies with biological insight and computational analysis, the program addresses critical questions about tumor behavior, treatment effects and disease progression.
Using state-of-the-art neuroimaging technologies combined with data-driven analytics, Cancer Neuroimaging Research Program investigators create quantitative imaging tools that improve diagnosis, guide treatment decisions, enable earlier assessment of how patients are responding to therapy and reveal the impact of cancer therapies on the nervous system. Ultimately, this work supports more precise and personalized cancer care by enabling patient-specific therapeutic strategies that optimize tumor control, preserve brain health and improve quality of life for people with cancer.
Our research spans four interconnected areas that drive discovery and translation:
- Innovation drives next generation neuroimaging technologies including acquisition and image reconstruction techniques, molecular and metabolic imaging agents and image-based biomarkers.
- Intelligence harnesses data science and computational strategies that transform imaging data into clinically actionable decision tools.
- Intervention establishes new image-guided therapies for patients with cancer, prediction and/or detection of regional drug delivery within the brain and image-based strategies for early detection of therapeutic response.
- Insights leverages advanced neuroimaging technologies (preclinical or human) to investigate brain cancer biology, effects of cancer and therapies on the central nervous system (behavior, cognition and structure) and drug discovery.
Through these efforts, the program seeks to elevate the role of neuroimaging in cancer care — enhancing how we understand disease, improving the lives of patients and accelerating the path from scientific discovery to clinical impact.
Research Themes
Innovation
The Innovation theme is focused on the development of new imaging technologies and biomarkers that reveal the structure, function and biology of the nervous system in the context of cancer and its treatment. By uniting expertise in physics, chemistry and engineering, Cancer Neuroimaging Research Program investigators are designing novel molecular and metabolic imaging agents, advanced MRI acquisition and reconstruction techniques and cell imaging strategies. These innovations aim to establish a foundation for precision diagnostics and image-guided therapeutic strategies that directly inform clinical decision making.
Ongoing Projects
- Advanced Multi-contrast and Multi-scale MRI Pulse Sequences for Quantitative Neuroimaging
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- Comprehensive Assessment of Cancer Theranostics Response
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Paul Corn (MPI), Timothy Perk (MPI), Scott Tagawa (MPI), Osama R. Mawlawi, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Development of a Targeted PET Tracer for Detection of Invasive Glioma Cells
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI), Ellen Ackerstaff, Ph.D. (Co-I), Charles Manning, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Establishing 2-Hydroxyglutarate as a Biomarker in IDH-Mutant Gliomas via Multimodal Non-Invasive Method
- Funder: Institutional Research Grant
- Leadership: Brian A. Taylor, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Establishing the Clinical Utility of a Consensus DSC-MRI Protocol
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Jerrold Boxerman (MPI), Leland Hu (MPI), Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (MPI), Kathleen Schmainda (MPI)
- Establishing the Validity of Brain Tumor Perfusion Imaging
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- MRI of Aquaporin Activity as a Marker of Glymphatic Function in Glioma Patients Before and After Surgery
- Funder: Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H)
- Leadership: Ho-Ling Anthony Liu, Ph.D. (Sub MPI), Vinodh A. Kumar, M.D. (Sub Co-I)
- Multi-parametric Perfusion MRI for Therapy Response Assessment in Brain Cancer
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Ashley Stokes (PI), Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- One-Shot Morphologic, Hemodynamic, and Metabolic MR Imaging of Brain Tumors
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Vikram Kodibagkar (MPI), Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (MPI)
- PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation and Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction Associated With Brain Tumors and Cancer Therapies
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
Intelligence
The Intelligence theme harnesses data science and mathematical modeling to transform complex neuroimaging data into clinically meaningful insights. By integrating imaging biomarkers with physiological modeling, molecular data and advanced computational frameworks, Cancer Neuroimaging Research Program investigators are building predictive tools that capture tumor dynamics, treatment response and neurocognitive outcomes. These efforts are establishing a data-driven foundation for discovery, collaboration and continuous learning across the neuroimaging ecosystem.
Ongoing Projects
- Advancing Connectomics-Based Prediction of Postoperative Neurocognitive Outcome in Patients With Eloquent Glioma
- Funder: Institutional Research Grant
- Leadership: Kyle Noll (PI), Vinodh A. Kumar, M.D. (Co-I), Ho-Ling Anthony Liu, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Connectivity-Based MRI for Early Detection of Glioma Invasion
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- Deep Learning-Enabled Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced MRI for Intravoxel Vessel and Cellular Architecture Mapping
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- Early Prediction of Glioblastoma and Brain Metastasis Progression Using Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Deep Learning
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- Evaluating the Utility of 3D Machine-Learning Based Volumetric Segmentation for the Assessment of Intracranial Metastatic Disease Treatment Response
- Funder: Andrew M. McDougall Brain Metastasis Clinic and Research Program
- Leadership: Peter Kamel, M.D. (PI)
- Imaging-Based Tumor Forecasting to Predict Brain Tumor Progression and Response to Therapy
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (MPI), Thomas Yankeelov (MPI)
- Reproducible Neuroimaging Analytics and Knowledge Integration for Neuro-Oncology Research
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- Statistical Modeling of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Integrating Brain Imaging and -Omics Data
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- Leadership: Suprateek Kundu, Ph.D. (MPI), Qi Long (MPI)
Intervention
The Intervention theme advances the integration of imaging and therapy to improve precision and effectiveness in the treatment of brain tumors. By leveraging cutting-edge neuroimaging tools, Cancer Neuroimaging Research Program investigators are developing strategies that enhance targeted drug delivery, refine surgical and radiotherapy planning and establish prognostic imaging biomarkers of therapeutic response. These efforts aim to advance imaging to optimize therapeutic strategies and accelerate the clinical translation of novel interventions for patients with cancer.
Ongoing Projects
- Enhancing Delivery and Efficacy of Theranostic Antibody Treatment in Glioblastomas by Image-guided Focused Ultrasound Blood-brain Barrier Disruption
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI), Ellen Ackerstaff, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- In vivo Imaging and Quantification of Oncolytic Viral Loaded mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies
- Funder: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Leadership: Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (PI)
- IL13Rα2-targeted Radioimmunotherapy for Glioblastoma
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Simone Krebs, M.D. (PI)
- Leveraging PET Imaging to Monitor CAR T Cell Trafficking to Glioblastoma
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Simone Krebs, M.D. (PI)
- Personalized Neurostimulation for Smoking Cessation in Cancer Patients: An Image-Guided Approach
- Funder: Cancer Neuroscience Program
- Leadership: George Kypriotakis (MPI), Brian A. Taylor, Ph.D. (MPI), Francesco Versace (MPI)
- SPI-RADS: Establishing an Imaging Reporting & Data System for Spinal Metastasis Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Treatment
- Funder: UT MD Anderson Internal Research Grant
- Leadership: Rami Eldaya, M.D. (PI)
Insights
The Insights theme leverages advanced neuroimaging approaches, from preclinical models to human studies, to illuminate how cancer and its treatments influence brain structure, function and behavior. By integrating quantitative imaging, cognitive assessment and behavioral metrics, Cancer Neuroimaging Research Program investigators are uncovering the biological underpinnings of neuroinflammation, treatment-related neurotoxicity and cancer-associated cognitive and behavioral changes. These efforts aim to identify sensitive biomarkers, guide supportive care strategies and accelerate the discovery of therapies that protect or restore brain health in patients with cancer.
Ongoing Projects
- A Comprehensive Clinical fMRI Software Solution To Enable Mapping of Critical Functional Networks and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in the Brain
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Leadership: Catherine Elsinger (MPI), Ho-Ling Anthony Liu, Ph.D. (MPI), Vinodh A. Kumar, M.D. (Co-I), Brian A. Taylor, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Brain Age Gap and Structural Brain Changes as Risk Factors in Young Glioma Survivors: Impact of Surgery and Radiation
- Funder: UT MD Anderson Survivorship Seed Grant
- Leadership: Sahil Bajaj, Ph.D. (MPI), Michael Roth (MPI), Shiao-Pei Weathers (MPI), Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Brain and Biofluid Biomarkers Underlying Cognitive Decline Following Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
- Funder: UT MD Anderson Cancer Neuroscience Program Grant
- Leadership: Sahil Bajaj, Ph.D. (MPI), Jeffrey Scott Wefel (MPI), Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Multi-parametric MRI Assessment of Brain Connectivity and Spectroscopic Biomarkers in Patients with a Substance Use Disorder
- Funder: National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- Leadership: Brian A. Taylor, Ph.D. (PI), Ho-Ling Anthony Liu, Ph.D. (Co-I)
- Neurobehavioral Impacts of Melanoma Therapies: Insights from Advanced Neuroimaging and Predictive Modeling
- Funder: UT MD Anderson QIAC Partnership in Research Grant Program
- Leadership: Sahil Bajaj, Ph.D. (MPI), Maria Kristine Gule-Monroe (MPI), Chad Quarles, Ph.D. (Co-I)
Publications
- Alizada S, Eldaya RW, Salim HA, Taslicay CA, Gubbiotti MA, De B, Weathers SP, Wintermark M, Al Qudah H. Clinical and Imaging Features of Primary Intradural Extramedullary Ewing Sarcoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Dec 4;46(12):2697-2704. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8872. PMID: 40506234; PMCID: PMC12687948.
- Amer A, Ansari S, Krayyem A, Kundu S, Khose S, Pokhylevych H, Calle S, Patel CB, Yang Z, Liu HA, Johnson JM. Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI Processing Comparison for Distinguishing True Progression From Pseudoprogression in High-grade Glioma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2025 Jul-Aug 01;49(4):656-661. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001716. Epub 2025 Jan 27. PMID: 39876523; PMCID: PMC12237096.
- Bejugam D, Peck KK, Saha A, Yllera-Contreras E, Yildirim O, Arevalo-Perez J, Krebs SS, Lis E, Karimi S, Holodny AI. Detection of Osseous Spinal Metastasis with T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT: Assessing Agreement in Biopsy Proven Cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2026 Jan 22:ajnr.A9181. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A9181. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41571404.
- Chang MC, Malut VR, Mahar R, Rushin A, McLeod MA, Pierre GL, Malut IR, Staklinski SJ, Glanz ME, Ragavan M, Sharma G, Madheswaran M, Badar A, Rao AD, Law BK, Kilberg MS, Collins JHP, Kodibagkar VD, Bankson JA, DeBerardinis RJ, Merritt ME. Assessing cancer therapeutic efficacy in vivo using [2H7]glucose deuterium metabolic imaging. Sci Adv. 2025 Mar 28;11(13):eadr0568. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr0568. Epub 2025 Mar 26. PMID: 40138413; PMCID: PMC11939044.
- Dagher SA, Alizada S, Al Qudah H, Waguespack SG, Shah KB, Eldaya RW. Imaging and clinical course of metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET): A single center case series. Neuroradiol J. 2025 Jun 27:19714009251356278. doi: 10.1177/19714009251356278. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40576016; PMCID: PMC12204987.
- Dagher SA, Johnson JM, Mohamed RMM, Ansari S, Mawlawi O, Liu HL, Wintermark M, Schellingerhout D, Flynt L, Yeboa DN, Weinberg JS, Ferguson SD, Gule-Monroe MK. Study of 18 F-fluciclovine PET for serial assessment of glioblastoma tumor volumes during surgery and radiotherapy. J Neurooncol. 2025 Nov;175(2):549-560. doi: 10.1007/s11060-025-05146-2. Epub 2025 Jul 1. PMID: 40591209; PMCID: PMC12420720.
- Eldaya RW, Kaya D, Williams M, Calle S, Schellingerhout D. Clinical and Imaging Features of Head and Neck Metastasis of High-Grade Glioma: A Single-Center Case Series. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):160-165. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8521. PMID: 39667825; PMCID: PMC11735445.
- Gajecki L, Lebedeva IV, Liao YR, Ambriz D, Carter LM, Kumpf M, Lovibond S, Hachey JS, Graham MS, Postow M, Lewis JS, Andrew DP, Baca M, Schöder H, Larson SM, Veach DR, Krebs S. IL13Rα2-Targeting Antibodies for Immuno-PET in Solid Malignancies. J Nucl Med. 2025 Apr 1;66(4):605-611. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268762. PMID: 39978817; PMCID: PMC11960613.
- Gule-Monroe M, Chasen N, Long JP, Kumar VA, Shah K, Chen M, Stafford J, Chung C, Wintermark M, Hou P, Sura E, Wang C, Weinberg J, Liu HL. Diagnostic Confidence of Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted MRI for the Detection of Brain Metastases: 3D FSE versus 3D GRE-Based Sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jun 3;46(6):1231-1237. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8590. PMID: 39572196; PMCID: PMC12152807.
- Kaffey Z, Mirbahaeddin S, Wahid K, Kamel S, Vouffo M, Otun AO, Belal Z, Aponte Wesson RA, Carriere PP, Dede C, Maniakas A, Goepfert RP, Garden AS, Lee A, Choi KY, Christensen JM, Lincoln C, Manzar GS, Dudzinski SO, Thomas R, Mehrens H, Cardoso RC, Schellingerhout D, Watson E, Chen MM, Lai SY, Fuller CD, Moreno AC, Humbert-Vidan L; MD Anderson Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Working Group. Radiographic classification of mandibular osteoradionecrosis: A blinded prospective multi-disciplinary interobserver diagnostic performance study. Radiother Oncol. 2025 Jul;208:110917. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110917. Epub 2025 May 2. PMID: 40320174; PMCID: PMC12158629.
- Kamel PI, Doo FX, Savani D, Kanhere A, Yi PH, Parekh VS. Standardizing Heterogeneous MRI Series Description Metadata Using Large Language Models. J Imaging Inform Med. 2026 Feb;39(1):962-972. doi: 10.1007/s10278-025-01541-3. Epub 2025 May 29. PMID: 40442564; PMCID: PMC12921075.
- Krebs S, Baird L, Pirovano G, Yamaguchi A, Coll RP, Lee JT, Carroll LS, Pomper MG, Manning HC. Today's Research, Tomorrow's Practice - White Paper from the Translation of New Therapy (TNT) Radiotheranostics Kick-off Pre-meeting of the Annual World Molecular Imaging Conference 2024. Mol Imaging Biol. 2025 Dec;27(6):877-882. doi: 10.1007/s11307-025-02054-9. Epub 2025 Sep 19. PMID: 40971127.
- Lam K, Ozkizilkaya HI, Milton DR, Dono A, Liu Y, Kundu S, Kumar VA, Johnson JM, Esquenazi Y, Patel CB, Ballester LY. Molecular alterations in IDH-mutant astrocytoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study. Neurooncol Adv. 2025 Apr 28;7(1):vdaf088. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaf088. PMID: 40575414; PMCID: PMC12199353.
- Michel KA, Harlan CJ, Walker CM, Merritt ME, Chen Y, Lai SY, Bankson JA. Pharmacokinetic modeling strategies for dynamic hyperpolarized urea imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2026 Mar;95(3):1671-1683. doi: 10.1002/mrm.70117. Epub 2025 Oct 12. PMID: 41077903; PMCID: PMC12746374.
- Msherghi A, Glue-Monroe M, W Eldaya R, Pirhoushiaran M, Al Qudah H, Taslicay CA, Alizada S, Salim HA, Y Ballester L, Wintermark M. Preliminary assessment of an MRI-based grading system for leptomeningeal disease: an exploratory prognostic framework. Neuroradiology. 2026 Jan 26. doi: 10.1007/s00234-026-03904-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41582099.
- Msherghi A, Wong F, Xu G, Mawlawi O, Elhadi M, Alsharedi M, Salim HA, Alizada S, Ray WJ, Puduvalli VK, Wintermark M. 18F-FDG PET Reveals Voxel-Based Decreases in Brain Glucose Uptake After Chemotherapy in Leukemia Patients: A Retrospective Matched-Control Study. J Nucl Med. 2025 Dec 3;66(12):1883-1890. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.125.270661. PMID: 41101978.
- Muir MT, Noll K, Patel R, Prinsloo S, Michener H, Kumar VA, Ene C, Ferguson S, Weinberg JS, Lang F, Taylor BA, Prabhu SS. Toward data-driven surgical planning: multimodal mapping correlates of aphasic surgical deficits. J Neurosurg. 2025 Oct 24;144(2):324-335. doi: 10.3171/2025.6.JNS242301. PMID: 41135113.
- Muir MT, Noll K, Prinsloo S, Michener H, Traylor JI, Kumar VA, Ene CI, Ferguson S, Liu HL, Weinberg JS, Lang F, Taylor BA, Forkel SJ, Prabhu SS. Preoperative Brain Mapping Predicts Language Outcomes After Eloquent Tumor Resection. Hum Brain Mapp. 2025 Oct 15;46(15):e70340. doi: 10.1002/hbm.70340. PMID: 41099461; PMCID: PMC12529647.
- Muir MT, Noll K, Traylor JI, Patel R, Kumar VA, Prabhu SS, Hou P, Liu HL, Stafford RJ, Taylor BA. Resectability of White Matter Tracts in Patients With Language-Critical Gliomas. Neurosurgery. 2025 Oct 15. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003792. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41090910.
- Noll KR, Bander ED, Chen HS, Bradshaw M, Wefel JS, Kumar VA, Prabhu SS, Liu HL. Changes in functional connectivity are associated with functional independence in the early postoperative period following awake surgical resection of language-eloquent glioma. Neurooncol Adv. 2025 Sep 2;7(1):vdaf192. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaf192. PMID: 41019665; PMCID: PMC12461250.
- Pirhoushiaran M, Walker-Charles K, Yao TH, Putluri S, Patel N, Wang DH, Wang I, Arjuna S, Dono A, Bueno A, Nguyen S, Balar AP, Huse JT, Kundu S, Esquenazi Y, Patel CB, Prabhu SS, Lang FF, Ballester LY. Exploring CSF microRNA signatures as diagnostic biomarkers in adult-type diffuse gliomas. Noncoding RNA Res. 2026 Jan 17;18:22-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2025.12.003. PMID: 41624475; PMCID: PMC12854873.
- Punwani S, Larson PEZ, Laustsen C, VanderMeulen J, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Autry AW, Bankson JA, Bernard J, Bok R, Bertelsen LB, Che J, Chen AP, Chowdhury R, Comment A, Cunningham CH, Dang D, Gallagher FA, Gaunt A, Gong Y, Gordon JW, Grimmer A, Grist J, Hansen ESS, Lerche MH, Hesketh RL, Hoevener JB, Hsieh CY, Keshari KR, Kozerke S, Lanz T, Mayer D, McLean M, Park JM, Slater J, Tyler D, Vanderheyden JL, von Morze C, Zaccagna F, Zaha V, Xu D, Vigneron D; HP 13C MRI Consensus Group. Consensus recommendations for hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI multi-center human studies. Magn Reson Med. 2025 Oct;94(4):1386-1400. doi: 10.1002/mrm.30570. Epub 2025 Jun 16. PMID: 40523079; PMCID: PMC12236423.
- Salim HA, Msherghi A, Learned K, Zafereo M, Wang J, Dagher SA, Altintas Taslicay C, Dagher R, Alizada S, Hu MI, Cabanillas ME, Busaidy N, Hamidi S, Tawbi H, Li J, Ucisik FE, Wintermark M. Prognostic Factors in Thyroid Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. 2025 Dec;35(12):1378-1390. doi: 10.1177/10507256251372639. Epub 2025 Sep 4. PMID: 40956665.
- Semmineh NB, Guha I, Healey D, Chandrasekharan A, Quarles CC, Boxerman JL. Imaging Intravoxel Vessel Size Distribution in the Brain Using Susceptibility Contrast Enhanced MRI. Imaging Neuroscience. 2025 Mar 25:arXiv:2503.17600v2. PMID: 40196141; PMCID: PMC11975306.
- Teo JM, Kumar VA, Khalaf AM, Noll KR, Ferguson SD, Ene CI, Prabhu SS, Wintermark M, Liu HL. Probabilistic template matching for detecting resting-state functional MRI language network in brain tumor patients. Med Phys. 2025 Nov;52(11):e70138. doi: 10.1002/mp.70138. PMID: 41231662; PMCID: PMC12614290.
- Tran HH, Yamaguchi A, Manning HC. Radiotheranostic landscape: A review of clinical and preclinical development. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025 Jun;52(7):2685-2709. doi: 10.1007/s00259-025-07103-7. Epub 2025 Feb 1. PMID: 39891713.
- Vachha BA, Kumar VA, Pillai JJ, Shimony JS, Tanabe J, Sair HI. Resting-State Functional MRI: Current State, Controversies, Limitations, and Future Directions-AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2025 Sep;225(3):e2432163. doi: 10.2214/AJR.24.32163. Epub 2024 Dec 11. PMID: 39660823.
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